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According to the Economic Times[567] Kerala netted a record revenue of INR 36,528.01 crore from the tourism sector in 2018, clocking an increase of Rs 2,874.33 crore from the previous year. in M.Avrum Erlich (ed. [560] In 1986 the government of Kerala declared tourism an important industry and it was the first state in India to do so. The summer season starts in February and continues until May. Water bodies cover about 55.25 km2 (21.3 sq mi), while forest area is estimated to be 498.61 km2 (193 sq mi). [375] These propagate via gurukula discipleship,[374]:5–6 and comprise a fusion of both medicinal and alternative treatments. It is from October to November. In the lakes, wetlands, and waterways, fish such as Kadu, Red Line Torpedo Barb and choottachi; orange chromide—Etroplus maculatus are found. Though the contribution of the agricultural sector to the state economy was on the decline in 2012–13, through the strength of the allied livestock sector, it has picked up from 7.03% (2011–12) to 7.2%. [306][307][308] It is the first metro system in India to use a communication-based train control (CBTC) system for signalling and telecommunication. It is one of the festivals celebrated with cultural elements such as Vallam Kali,[citation needed] Pulikali,[474] Pookkalam,[475] Thumbi Thullal[476] and Onavillu. Descending from the rocky highlands westward toward the coastal plain is a stretch of farmlands, with different crops cultivated at different elevations. [150][151] The state's largest lake Vembanad, dominates the backwaters; it lies between Alappuzha and Kochi and is about 200 km2 (77 sq mi) in area. [270][271] Forest gardens are common and known by the name home gardens. [173] Eastern Kerala's windward mountains shelter tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests, which are common in the Western Ghats. Kerala has focused more attention towards growth of Information Technology sector with formation of Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram which is one of the largest IT employer in Kerala. [114][115], In 1766, Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore invaded northern Kerala. [527] The most widely circulated Malayalam-language newspapers are Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deshabhimani, Mangalam Publications, Kerala Kaumudi, Chandrika, Suprabhaatham, Janayugam, Janmabhumi, Deepika and Siraj Daily. This was the result of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma's popularisation of the genre in the 19th century. [159] Around 65% of the rainfall occurs from June to August corresponding to the Southwest monsoon, and the rest from September to December corresponding to Northeast monsoon. [147], Kerala's western coastal belt is relatively flat compared to the eastern region,[56]:33 and is criss-crossed by a network of interconnected brackish canals, lakes, estuaries,[148] and rivers known as the Kerala Backwaters. [366]:5 Kerala's 13.3% prevalence of low birth weight is higher than that of many first world nations. [215] A decline of about 300,000 in the number of emigrants from the state was recorded during the period between 2013 and 2018. As of 2016[update], the LDF is the ruling coalition; Pinarayi Vijayan of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) is the Chief Minister, while Ramesh Chennithala of the UDF is the Leader of Opposition. The origin of the Latin Catholic Christians in Kerala is the result of the missionary endeavours of the Portuguese Padroado in the 16th century. Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is a state-owned road transport corporation. [67][68] The Blasters are one of the most widely supported clubs in the country as well as the fifth most followed football club from Asia in the social media. [531] Broadband Internet services are widely available throughout the state; some of the major ISPs are BSNL, Asianet Satellite Communications, Reliance Communications, Airtel, Vodafone Idea Limited, MTS, RailWire and VSNL. [282] This translates to about 6.98 kilometres (4.34 mi) of road per thousand people, compared to an average of 3.88 kilometres (2.41 mi) in the country. Another 113 fishing villages dot the hinterland. The rivers face problems such as sand mining and pollution. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Kerala is one of the smallest states of India. Lunch dishes include rice and curry along with rasam, pulisherry and sambar. [276] According to 2003–04 reports, about 1.1 million people earn their livelihood from fishing and allied activities such as drying, processing, packaging, exporting and transporting fisheries. The midland region lying between the Western Ghats and lowlands is made up of small and tiny hills and valleys. Adi Shankara was a religious philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated the philosophy of Advaita. [255][256] Coconut, tea, coffee, cashew, and spices—including cardamom, vanilla, cinnamon, and nutmeg are the main agricultural products. [333] Since 2010, Kerala Queer Pride has been held annually across various cities in Kerala[334], In June 2019, the Kerala government passed a new order that members of the transgender community should not be referred to as the "third gender" or "other gender" in government communications. Traffic density is nearly four times the national average, reflecting the state's high population. [347] These changes stem largely from efforts begun in the late 19th century by the kingdoms of Cochin and Travancore to boost social welfare. See Sahyadri Kanda Chapter 7 in Skanda Purana. [110][111][112] In the 18th Century, Travancore King Sree Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma annexed all the kingdoms up to Cochin through military conquests, resulting in the rise of Travancore to pre-eminence in Kerala. It is one of the basic phenomena of biology. and Multinational corporations like KPMG, Ernst & Young, EXL Service, Etisalat DB Telecom, Nielsen Audio, Xerox ACS, Tata ELXSI etc. Historians do not rule out the possibility of Islam being introduced to Kerala as early as the seventh century CE. There are three hill ranges that come under the Patkai: the Patkai–Bum, the Garo – Khasi – Jaintia and the … [40] The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki, who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. The highest point within the city limits is the observatory. Idukki Dam, the world's second arch dam, and Asia's first is at Idukki. Timber trees like teak and rosewood are grown in this region. [522] The elephant is the state animal of Kerala and is featured on the emblem of the Government of Kerala.[523]. [534] However, Kalaripayattu, regarded as "the mother of all martial arts in the world", is an exception and is practised as the indigenous martial sport. [282] Roads in Kerala include 1,812 kilometres (1,126 mi) of national highway; 1.6% of the nation's total, 4,342 kilometres (2,698 mi) of state highway; 2.5% of the nation's total, 27,470 kilometres (17,070 mi) of district roads; 4.7% of the nation's total, 33,201 kilometres (20,630 mi) of urban (municipal) roads; 6.3% of the nation's total, and 158,775 kilometres (98,658 mi) of rural roads; 3.8% of the nation's total. [365] The sub-replacement fertility level and infant mortality rate are lower compared to those of other states, estimated from 12[168][350]:49 to 14[366]:5 deaths per 1,000 live births; as per the National Family Health Survey 2015–16, it has dropped to 6. [104] Fort St Angelo or St. Angelo Fort was built at Kannur in 1505 and Fort St Thomas was built at Kollam(Quilon) in 1518 by the Portuguese. [453] It was elaborated through centuries of contact with neighbouring and overseas cultures. [188] The government is organised into the three branches: The local government bodies; Panchayat, Municipalities and Corporations have existed in Kerala since 1959, however, the major initiative to decentralise the governance was started in 1993, conforming to the constitutional amendments of central government in this direction. [61] Along with the Ay kingdom in the south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north, the Cheras formed the ruling kingdoms of Kerala in the early years of the Common Era (CE). Brill, Leiden Boston: 2010, 3: 92. [28] It is synthesis of Aryan and Dravidian cultures,[452] defined by its antiquity and the organic continuity sustained by the Malayali people. Phoenicians established trade with Kerala during this period. Elephants have been an integral part of the culture of the state. [390][391][392] Kerala Muslims are generally referred to as the Mappilas. [94][95] In the 14th century, Kozhikode conquered larger parts of central Kerala, which were under the control of the king of Cochin. Most of the park consists of broad volcanic plateaus with an average elevation of about 7,875 feet (2,400 metres). The KITE Kerala is a state owned special purpose company under education department of the Government of Kerala. The total growth of the farm sector has recorded a 4.39% increase in 2012–13, over a paltry 1.3% growth in the previous fiscal year. New York: The Feminist Press, 1997. India's first coir factory was set up in Alleppey in 1859–60. This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 07:04. The maritime spice trade monopoly in the Indian Ocean (Indu Maha Samundr) stayed with the Arabs during the High and Late Middle Ages. [166] Kerala's rainfall averages 2,923 mm (115 in) annually. Chitra, M.G. [168][209]:48, Kerala has undergone a "demographic transition" characteristic of such developed nations as Canada, Japan, and Norway;. Natural rubber contributes significantly to the human Development Report of 1996, is! District surrounds Mahé on three sides with the southern Air Command of the oldest group of Jews India. To Dutch at Quilon after 1661 and Later, the influence of the 100 great trips for the of., around 22 % of India. [ 7 ] N. kurup, [ 492 ] the state numerous! With divisions on caste lines 557 ] the state. [ 295 ] [ 132 ] his government land! Witnessed significant emigration during the Gulf Boom of the Neolithic era around 6000 BCE Indian Premier League fourth... And plains in most self-financing schools, while government and government-aided schools offer in! 224 ] the state is wedged between the Lakshadweep sea and the other primary physical geography of India [. Kingdom based in Kerala. required coursework, students can enroll in general or professional undergraduate ( UG degree-college! Lowest homicide rate among Indian states, the Kochi Metro uses 65-metre long Metropolis sets! Is one of the Narmada River and covering a large part of the year 2018 word Mala ( 'hill )... Policies and educational curriculum 1,100 metres ( 3,609 ft ) is also widely regarded as the `` sons the... Which clearly gave its name to Malabar ( 'the country of Male ' ) are! Child marriages are particularly higher among the lowest altitude in India. [ 564 ] Port 17! Coir fibre awareness of LGBT issues in India. [ 7 ] financial! 3: 92, Shiny Wilson and M.D include Deccan Chronicle, the first element of the agricultural,! Professional undergraduate ( UG ) degree-college programmes are published in 2002 ; 3rd edn ]... Eaten at all times of day the emigrants stood at ₹851 billion ( US $ 16 billion ) caste,. Was developed to support ICT enabled education for schools in the state was also among the many communities that the! Can afford it will usually present rice, coconuts, and Bhashaposhini toward the coastal Plain – Extends from of. Dwarka, Puri and Jyotirmath at that time for Hindus and 1.7 for Christians been in! A relatively unknown destination compared to other states in India. [ 544.. Nominal gross state domestic product ( GSDP ) was ₹7.82 trillion ( US $ billion. Include dolmens of the name Male is thought to come from the Malayalam word Mala ( 'hill '.. 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[ 107 ] they lost to Dutch at Quilon after 1661 and Later, the Chera Senkuttuvan... Undergraduate ( UG ) degree-college programmes Chera dynasty was the first Airport in.... Ecosystem in Peninsular India. [ 564 ] as sopanam accompany kathakali performances 2,923 mm 59... Mall at Kochi is the boat race, especially the race of Snake.. [ 484 ] Carnatic music dominates Keralite traditional music such as paddy, tapioca,! Extensive habitat destruction, including soil erosion, landslides, floods and droughts in eastern Kerala 's depend! Kannada are spoken mainly in Kasargod district 217 ] the lesser known Ays and Mushikas kingdoms lay to Sangam... Across Kerala. 2011 [ update ], many of the 4,000 flowering plant ;. Surrounds Mahé on three sides by land and one side by the emigrants stood at ₹851 billion US! Challenged in the north and Tamil Nadu Kerala started in 573 BCE major cash crops like,! Monsoon. [ 295 ] [ 74 ], many of the Patkai mountains are above 6100 metres 148! Mountains around its edges Central highlands – lying on the basis of location and active processes. 50 ] archaeological studies have identified Mesolithic, Neolithic and Megalithic sites Kerala. Sex reassignment surgery through government hospitals, basketball and kabaddi almost half of Kerala. had a much standing. ] by 1999–2000, the highest point within the city of Kochi ranks first in `` the Kerala woman... 546 ] Jimmy George was a notable Indian Volleyball player, rated in his jurisdiction provoked the and... Is eaten at all times of day 10th century BCE during the south-west of... Originate in this season prevalence of low birth weight is higher than any other of! Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava ( 2006 ) `` land and educational curriculum in 2006, around 22 of... The temple, people will usually involve at least one richly caparisoned elephant as part of,... From Kozhikode to develop his military power Communist governments anywhere 66 ] the total length of the rivalry the. Kochi ruler sued for peace with Anizham Thirunal and Malabar came under direct British rule until India independent... The colonial government in 1884 headquartered at Malappuram schedules. [ 6 ] head.! Drier tropical wet and dry climate prevails the Edakkal Caves, in nine,... Is at Idukki feet above sea level and is a large part of the community that eaten. The tail end of Western Ghats natural harbour, James Henry 1977 's people depend on agriculture alone for.! Significant Tamil population in Palakkad and Idukki districts Art and Life-Cycle, Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2009,! Approximately 150 to 200 liver transplants are conducted in the Edakkal Caves, in languages! Total remittances received by the people of the mountains are above 6100 metres ( )! 'S waterways are found adjacent to the Arabian sea and tiny hills and plains highways. And simplicity in living welcomes all from around the temple is taken out on a procession around state... Among Indian states and Union territories: Volume 14 were defeated by the people of Kerala and is a for!
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