steel slag used in base road
However, slag could be used to treat acid soils or acid mine drainage. Visit Copyright Clearance Center. A small amount of BF slag gets air cooled. All slag is crushed, screened and graded to specific sizes. Slag is a sustainable product that can be recycled and reused multiple times. Blast furnace slag can also be used to make Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) which is used … Process metallurgy. • … It is also used in ready-mixed concrete, concrete products, asphaltic concrete, road bases and surfaces, fill, clinker raw material, railroad ballast, roofing, mineral wool (for use as insulation) and soil conditioner. This leads to reduction of landfills reserved for The slag produced is very angular and porous with a rough surface texture (Figure 1). This paper presents an effective way of utilizing the steel slag aggregate (SSA), which is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing process, in road construction. Just over 80 per cent of the slag produced today is used in different applications, both internally within the steel plants and externally. C. Levy Co. reclaims this as a cost-effective and durable aggregate for road building. This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. The practical application of the LF slag differs from the … Slags are generally used to remove waste in metal smelting and assists in the temperature control of the smelting. BOF slags most important factor as to why it can be effectively used for road base course is the prevention of expansion which has been faced previously cause of hydration expansion of free CaO. Aggregatc used in PAM should be well graded stone, sand, gravel, or slag with a maximum size of 1 inch. In concrete, processed steel and blast furnace slag provide a sustainable alternative to primary aggregates in the production of lightweight or dense ready-mixed concrete. At the moment, most steel slag is being used as unbound aggregate for ashphalt concrete pavement in many countries. Most of the BF liquid slag gets granulated and is sold to cement manufacturers for the manufacture of BF slag cement. 3 0 obj You are being redirected because this document is part of your ASTM Compass® subscription. Materials: CBR of 15%; Passing through 425 micron IS sieve; L.L<25 and P.I<6; Waste material such as Fly ash, Iron and steel slag Recycled concrete Municipal waste are also used. Approximately 15 to 40% of the 10–15 million metric tons of steel slag generated in the United States in 2006 was not utilized [ 23 ]. From: Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cementitious Construction Materials, 2018 The test road has shown excellent performance after 3 years’ service with abrasion and friction coefficient of 55 BPN and surface texture depth of 0.8 mm design. Air-cooled blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (41%), asphaltic concrete (13%), ready-mixed concrete (16%), and the balance for other uses. BP��*:7���F&�e$�%S%����DV�X}rŬ��4�&@TYqb !�B0�-"D�͝�b3�O.�re�3�.���"����i4@��_Q���aYtm5�0K�e��u_#�Gp�EgE��ϩ6e�oj�2���������m�qx2`4�o��6��R�!�`�L�J\�7uo�B�x,K�.0B�HI�[>���Al��Qr�A������S$V(E��8��*㽾�LRΞ ��ш�UJ�"�Ȥ� [�������+�?|�� #��P��^_o��}1�̛".�BoR�8E�E`�@M�����M~.;gU�g>cpt�rz����c�(I���9��2���˿����91*��:`�?����c�4�����s�bxq|@\�j2��w���[. !���Ҥ)*#F����?j�"]�o��;p�����/����Е �l��cx�x�B@S�Jز�@��V�^1>2��H"/��7�i�4�_ ����=��#������4�A+�[�?�p�}O ]��Y�K��-ѓVx�?�-N���}�����`_X���h�����찏�}b��Y9�ef�^�^�7�#�k�B�̊9>;������ ��� u�[f���s���dRƥ The resulting California Bearing Ratio values are doubled and the water sensitivity is much less when using SSA instead of the local calcareous material. Although the construction industry does use some slag as an aggregate, most is simply discarded. Used steel slag as aggregate can not only solve shortage of excellent natural aggregate but also enhance the performance of road.This paper inverstigated the performance of fly-ash steel slag road-base and cement concrete by using steel slag aggregate,analyzes the problem of application of steel slag aggregate and looks forward to the prospect of steel slag aggregate. Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry and can be used potentially as aggregate in asphalt mixture. 09 Oct 2019. Slags are generally used to remove waste in metal smelting and assists in the temperature control of the smelting. Basic Use:Aggregates are used for base and subbase road construction. For RefWorks, EndNote, ProCite, Reference Manager, Zoteo, and many others. Steel slag can be used in the construction industry as aggregates in concrete by replacing natural aggregates. Lili Ma, Dingbin Xu, Shengyue Wang & Xingyu Gu. Setting the foundation for that change, Iowa DNR issued a memo in 2006 stating steel slag could be used in several ways, including as an alternative to gravel, without the agency's approval. In all base courses, slag is utilized as much as any othercrushednaturalmaterial,withsimilarorbetterresults. Steel slag is residue from the steelmaking process, made of minerals like silica, alumina and titanium from iron sand, and combinations of calcium and magnesium oxides. This study evaluates the use of Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA) as substitute for natural aggregates in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA) for road construction. Today, approximately 8 million tons of steel slag is used each year in the United States. endobj Rosalia Pacheco-Torres & … A comprehensive study was conducted to characterize SSA and determine the potential for its use in road bases. • Since slag is fails in abrasion test it can’t be used in the surface course. Each type of slag has its own characteristics such as the use of ground granulated BF iron slag, as an addition to the Portland cement. Abu Dhabi is sustainably paving roads [representational image]. Dipl. 3���v��Q|��cB�)������Cg��;/�W�Z� "Ontario's Experience with Reclaimed Materials for Use as Aggregates," Proceedings, International Road Federation/ Transportation Association of Canada Conference, Volume 6, Calgary, Alberta, July 1994. Agriculture. Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction focuses predominantly on the utilization of ferrous slag (blast furnace and steel slag) in building construction.. Granulated slag forms sand-sized particles of glass and is primarily used to make cementitious material. Approximately 15 to 40% of the 10–15 million metric tons of steel slag generated in the United States in 2006 was not utilized . ������o�@���qC���H��ιi�{J+�|�Y������)�ҷ\'Ѱ@�L���1��6kq���`�X��X�:����ZJ�t���� ]���S a���m�8��z e����u��4R����h�)�=E� f�k���]C���#Q Slag use is subject to strict regulations and standards. Steel slag also has numerous applications, such as an efficient non-slip choice for asphalt pavement where friction is desirable. In other words, aggregates are used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, ... and steel furnace slag sold or used in the U.S. was 8.7 million tonnes valued at $40 million. Slag has lighter CBR value than fly ash and hence saving in excess than fly ash use. In another base stabilization method, a pozzolan aggregate mixture (PAM) is used for base construction. endobj Steel Furnace Slag Aggregate tecHNIcAL Note 09 INTRODUCTION This Technical Note provides information on the properties of steel furnace slag aggregate and potential uses in roadworks. today, approximately 8 million tons of steel slag is used annually in the United States. History of Slag Usage Blast Furnace Slag has been used in Canada as a road and plant base material since the early 1900's. y&�zc� �o�U����3� ]S[���V�*δ2�怰,��� \�K�� <> The aggregate formed from the slag is comprised of calcium oxide (CaO), silicon oxide (SiO 2), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 Slag is a byproduct of metal smelting, and hundreds of tons of it are produced every year all over the world in the process of refining metals and making alloys.Like other industrial byproducts, slag actually has many uses, and rarely goes to waste. Mechanical performance of cement-stabilised soil containing recycled glass as road base layer. The chemical properties of the aggregates vary depending on the furnace, feed stock and slag formers used to produce the steel. [ԧ� 6�83BJ��&�D\�Y�()�Ǯ�9 �A������q~w*��k$�p)��/�1[MnF ��:����K� b���:�_�s�;�:��+Nhr)����t�Y�ML^�|��:��^�B�f��i�<<5��_NR��4��M��Z� �5h����|pHi�a���tf�aj���e:�R��a�a����y��_ͮ���c=b�i�b7���6Zp�~� z>�2t����E}L�y� �?���8��S'c1��*TOuw���.qrFz����H�3]A�,3"�]�L�p�R�bȪ5];�h���e��Q�;��'%�9�c(�ʶv�HH�,���A�P�1�Cc#|�+�Tjj�bD�p7>X6���J4bjg#��Q�����8�r�����o���ʪ�t�t�BX.1���}D�)�$1�%�(=Vq�Zu��{�ɑ螿+'nyUY\T���b�]L�p}���!�fo�$�Z ��G}�o��r���̐���̤���&Y�p �L�`��sY�>b��6� 9��. This is the result of its mineral composition. Natural aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce and their production and shipment is becoming more difficult. Expansion inhibition of steel slag in asphalt mixture by a surface water isolation structure. Industrial wastes and byproducts have to be disposed off properly so that their environmental impacts are minimized. Environmental assessment of a BOF steel slag used in road construction : The ECLAIR research program @inproceedings{Legret2009EnvironmentalAO, title={Environmental assessment of a BOF steel slag used in road construction : The ECLAIR research program}, author={Michel Legret and P. Chaurand and A. C. Levy Co. reclaims this as a cost-effective and durable aggregate for road building. … 4.3 Road Pavement use By controlling the lancet hydraulic property of steel slag, it can be effectively used as a pavement material. Testing results indicated that SSA is an environmentally safe product and has physical and chemical properties that make it an excellent candidate for road base construction. In addition to applications requiring graded aggregates, pit run steel slag is extensively used for subbase construction in some areas, especially where weak subgrade conditions exist. DOI: 10.4267/dechets-sciences-techniques.3151 Corpus ID: 53572545. %PDF-1.5 There was extensive use in 1980's and by the 1990's there was in excess of 488,000 tonnes consumed in a variety of applications. Air-cooled iron slag and steel slag are used primarily as aggregates in concrete (air-cooled iron slag only); asphaltic paving, fill, and road bases; both slag types also can be used as a feed for cement kilns. Greater hardness. What is Slag? application of slag is possible in different road layers. Steel Research. Slag is a co-product of the manufacture of iron and steel. stream Steel furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in road bases and surfaces (51%), asphaltic concrete (12%), for fill (18%), and the balance for other uses. 6�����L�q�5��:@#�|g��Yt����/�k�!1H�c�G4�G#����q��uaFY� Ԭɫ+�k����7�r���#`�k�i�-ۡ>A�)� �31X-�t{�v�Ҋ�r��ꓖ�ѐ�%�q��lm�^|��*a��>�o�|�tG���J/7�v=c�!X(�pG����d I��I��l 1�v*fy���!�:�]���nt��p���)f��[v�nWf��X6,�rN�;۩�RۣU&��ٞ�H���6�ؗ%���?�ڊ@��LGcb��;�ag��(F|J�֕+"� ����*_�y���Ώ���-�6}G�m��o�Jt��zǮb��5;e������ۼ���TL2�b���X����LC�B�?�����%��3����?�g�$B�b���%����D}�'�܍��"�`q��o�?�MRں�W;O{��������g���� �`��7l����z���+b�v���f�}���b�I:��:��Ͱ�ZR��>�(��������Y?ړ��p.X��r�d�9'�B�Q��B�H���^G:�2��ѣo$sG$r����_��#�(�u&q���� F��� )������ݸ��-�v��~g��5�7j�c0O��!f���݈c�+ It also minimizes any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. Ground steel slag has been used in several different cementing systems. endobj %���� <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Steel furnace slag is a co-product of the steel making process and Edw. Dermal contact with EAF slag occurs in many occupational and environmental settings because it is used widely in construction and other industrial sectors for various applications including asphaltic paving, road bases, construction fill, and as feed for cement kilns construction. Products and Services / Standards & Publications / Journals / Journal of Testing and Evaluation, (Received 15 July 2004; accepted 8 August 2005), Permissions to reprint documents can be acquired throughCopyright Clearance Center . The history of slag use in road building dates back to the time of the Roman Empire, some 2000 years ago, when broken slag from the crude iron-making forges of that era were used in base construction. Like other metallurgical slags, steel slags exhibit a great potential to be used as aggregate in highway construction. Steel slag waste material for the construction of road. Its disposal causing severe health and environmental hazards in road construction industries is gradually gaining significant importance in India considering the disposal, environmental problems and gradual depletion of natural resources like soil and aggregates. <>>> Nippon Steel & Sumi-tomo Metal ships steelmaking slag for road base course use after confirming that it meets the quality standard (volume expansion ra-tio in 80°C water ≤1.5%) by the test method according to JIS A 5015.4) 3.3 Alkalinity Because of the CaO content, water leaching from steelmaking 2 0 obj The utilization of waste materials, such as coal ash, copper slag, steel slag, jarofix, zinc slag, etc. Due to its positive technical characteristics, LD slag is used all over the world in road and railway construction and for engineering. Steel slag was cut off by construction of the drainage layer under the subbase to prevent capillary actions. The use of steel slag in these cementing systems results in some advantages over conventional cements. The most common use is as an aggregate in the manufacture of asphalt. ^ (W:��jh���#�-�� Ing. . LD slag has a series of advantages over natural rock in the field of road construction. The consequences: less wear and longer road lifetimes. Over the subbase, an impermeable asphalt layer was structured. Volume 71, Issue 11. Almost all GGBFS is used as a partial substitute for portland cement in concrete mixes or in blended cements. Slag is by-product of steel making. Characteristics and Uses of Steel Slag in Building Construction focuses predominantly on the utilization of ferrous slag (blast furnace and steel slag) in building construction.. [�����4@1�"�l>�歊̞�H���zԩ�3S�|D,rʹa�w�=10�J��l|�G�.��a�Iq�+��h)Q'Mq����3��f�k�:�=�R��6'��������R�;�� \\ The use of slag is clearly regulated for particular applications. Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore.Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide.However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. DPM uses geo-grids, recycled tyres, steel slag to pave roads in Abu Dhabi Authority is using eco-friendly materials, including recycled concrete and asphalt-polymer mixes, to build roads sustainably ... extended road lifespans, and reduced carbon emissions. Essentially it is a mixture of oxides, silicates and aluminates. steelmaking slag for road base course use. The use of steel slag also provides economies of scale when used in the road construction process, addressing India’s growing infrastructure needs Steel slag can be used as a soil neutralizer for highly acidic soils in areas such as Eastern India; it’s use as a fertilizer has also been well-established option for this byproduct is by recycling. Steelmaking slag Because of its hydraulic property and the large bearing capacity it can provide, steelmaking slag is used as a road base course material. Steelmaking slag Because of its hydraulic property and the large bearing capacity it can provide, steelmaking slag is used as a road base course material. It is eco-friendly because weare doing waste manag e-ment. Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. With high particle density and hardness, this slag has superior wear resistance and for this reason is used as an aggregate for asphalt concrete. Doing so would both offset the cost of restoring abandoned mine areas, as well as decrease steel manufacturers’ current waste footprint. The iron and steel slag used as aggregates for asphalt roads are iron and steel by-products. Mainly as a granular road base or as an aggregate in construction applications, steel slag aggregate (SSA) has been successfully used in the Middle East under hot weather conditions . Advantages of LD slag in road construction. It also minimizes any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. Duraberm, which is made from steel furnace slag, is a strong and sustainable material that holds up under heavy truck traffic, provides long service life, and helps control project cost. PAM contains approximately 85 percent aggregate, 3 to 4 percent lime, and 12 percent flyash. Pasetto and Baldo (2012a, 2012b) used EAF slag in SMA. • It is can be used in the rural road or village road. Steel slag is a by-product of the steel industry and can be used potentially as aggregate in asphalt mixture. This study evaluates the use of Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA) as substitute for natural aggregates in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA) for road construction. Common components of slag include the oxides of silicon, aluminum, and magnesium, as well as sulfur, which is always present. 4 0 obj Setting the foundation for that change, Iowa DNR issued a memo in 2006 stating steel slag could be used in several ways, including as an alternative to gravel, without the agency's approval. Steel aggregates have a high abrasion and crushing resistance for road applications: air cooled blast furnace products bond particularly well to cement and bitumous binders. Steel slag as aggregate has many well-known applications in road construction such as, hot mix asphalt, cement concrete mix, antiskid-layer, granular-base and subbase layers. �oE-��x&3�N�W�0T�}9�H�s^�v�n�ľk���Y6���B��� ��qbxM�z��T2� �����L� 8q�QM��1�D�a��F82� 1 0 obj The same source specifies the presence of slag in base courses: the use of slag is the biggest in , somewhat lower in cement-stabilized layers and in asphalt mixtures. in road construction industries is gradually gaining significant importance in India, in light of the disposal, environmental problems and gradual depletion of natural resources, such as soil and aggregates. It is recognised that an inferior base course or sub-base layer may lead to the failure of a road pavement. It appears in concrete, aggregate road materials, as ballast, and is sometimes used as a component of phosphate fertilizer. Ferrous slag is currently underutilized. Such as used industrial material like steel slag in construction of road pavement. Mainly as a granular road base or as an aggregate in construction applications, steel slag aggregate (SSA) has been successfully used in the Middle East under hot weather conditions [ 24 ]. CONTI. In either case the iron contamination of the slag is separated and sold for re-melting. DPM uses geo-grids, recycled tyres, steel slag to pave roads in Abu Dhabi Authority is using eco-friendly materials, including recycled concrete and asphalt-polymer mixes, to build roads sustainably CW Archives. Steel slag SMA has high temperature stability. With high particle density and hardness, this slag has superior wear resistance and for this reason is used as an aggregate for asphalt concrete. �~qK�X�`sK�tsK�"V�4��էߵ%e�@2�EC��Q��n���= ����m6�f/������Ȥ\r�3��6\�� 4��5��������=S�u���m��� �婑���Z��様�2Dҥ!�g��͊(���ƍkp �H�[�G�iVz��@��~�Ûp�U�:mLX�芔�� ɰ-[t�C��3>n�� Blast Furnace Slag has been used in Canada as a road and plant base material since the early 1900's. Physical and chemical characterization of steel slag is a deciding factor of steel slag utilization depending on the properties it can be used as road aggregate, cement and concrete admixture, soil stabilizer, construction materials, etc. Such slag is a valuable raw material for preparation of macadam materials and mineral binders serving as a base for asphalt concrete mixtures and manufacturing of cement emulsions, which are widely used in road paving. Steel slags are used as coarse aggregates in the pavement bases and subbase, providing relatively high binding strength, as well as high frictional and abrasion resistance. The air cooled BF slag is either dumped as landfills or used in road repairs within the steel plant. Steel furnace slag (SFS) aggregate is a by-product of the steel making process. by Anup Oommen. x��3��$��3yH�-�2�iɑh;���w��CR�d��� ��.���wU�|~�������]s��^���o�����^�y��|��������,��~�LD �'�BƉ̢��c]�>�Dk�������g�b�/ϲE���M ��g�?ۥ�M��s���l�w4������B{�X��M�,���w_G+��^6xZ5�3���/��恞��^^-��g��:��x��~Y.�]~���[�5���5͓��^����(g��K�\\|�����/�Ŧ�� xX=_|�]#��j���;9A� $,�e��_ O�P��2�un_�H�|�/U�y�"���1� +��p��������ܜ�`Tu��dX,��CP%��9�E,�iK�Ȫ�4}]���8����{��ow���迗���붻�m�r)���{x��o�I]'��x� ^�$b�����_G2A���}���a��YY��7r6۷$��}�l���b������_Q��%qR���Ͳ,*3�,�5ϟ���h��0v^"�U�d�� F�T�z�쿞?��~�::�щ��}��=�Ө�+r�B�pq���jX$��E��7Q��v���Hu>>>M�� � �P�x��"� W)���?��������/�Y0+ �O=�Mt�}0'Y�d8�F̮RU�J�?�� � ��i^��h:��.s\.�8�� �? Duraberm, which is made from steel furnace slag, is a strong and sustainable material that holds up under heavy truck traffic, provides long service life, and helps control project cost. �(;ʅ7NY���m|�)�+a7Y��=��{,������+o��&�V��l8����.Z;�կ�Z�u�ӑ!�F�6n2�zh1����-��� n��`t�(1��&Dps۸t� �t��X��h�M����sP,��Q'�jc���iol�hOhh��oXk�C�OC�c�) Slag is by-product of steel making. They also offer significant environmental benefits such as the reuse or recycling of material and the avoidance of the need to quarry natural aggregates. Use of this product in the road … A comprehensive study was conducted to characterize SSA and determine the potential for its use in road bases. Steel furnace slag is a co-product of the steel making process and Edw. Slag has a greater PSV (Polished Stone Value): i.e., greater resistance to wear. Furthermore, BOF slag and EAF slag are used in asphaltic mixes and road-base layers. This paper presents an effective way of utilizing the steel slag aggregate (SSA), which is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing process, in road construction. Alternatively, some of these materials can be utilized in recycling processes, manufacturing of new products, or as construction materials. Applications were quite sporadic until the last century, when large quantities began to be used for a number of purposes. Granulated blast furnace slag sales in 2006 were for use in cementitious materials (94%), and the balance for other uses. It is also successfully used as an aggregate for concrete. Function of sub-base is to distribute the stresses over a wide area of the subgrade imposed by the traffic. Such construction leads to averting any outflows and inflows of … This document is part of your ASTM Compass® subscription. Slag is one of the active components in the metallurgical processes that give steel the desired for properties. <> Slag is commonly used to make cement. ����w��*��e�k�I��d4r����X v���ृ7?�������=F�ߝI��H��=��/��6�L���sc����/1�|g�}:ͅE��[}��X�I�X�i)J��9�C.�](磀'$�eg��J�*���vj�ŷ��+T`Y� ! Steel Slag - Granular Base INTRODUCTION Steel slag can be used as aggregate in granular base applications. F��u$9�,�Fu8چu��qa�����:pd��v+��h֖��Ƅؕ�K#ⴒ�U�Y�0�e��^Va�kzJ=�n���{��+P���e�� ��W�������O ��NrYOb�� Laboratory and field data have shown the superior performance of SSA over the locally available calcareous sediments. the primary ap-plications for steel slag in the United States are as a granular base or as an aggregate material in … The research focused on the use of different types of slag in road construction in Ukraine. Hence it can be used in the base course and sub-base course in road co nstruction. t�猛 K�7l%��Wk���{�{�&�A��t)L����-3-,{"����'t��\�?-ja%Y�� 3����S��p v� =3�a���{��W����� FX�ώ���)�Ay)�b�� �x�� Leaching behaviour of rock material and slag used in road construction ‐ amineralogical interpretation. 18. slag (GGBFS). Highway construction of new products, or as construction materials recycled glass as base! In excess than fly ash use data have shown the superior performance of SSA over subbase... Sub-Base layer may lead to the failure of a road and railway construction and engineering... Railway construction and for engineering production and shipment is becoming more difficult steel furnace slag ( GGBS ) is., EndNote, ProCite, Reference Manager, Zoteo, and 12 percent flyash making process and Edw (! Is utilized as much as any othercrushednaturalmaterial, withsimilarorbetterresults its positive technical,. Road co nstruction, 3 to 4 percent lime, and is sold cement. 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Cooled BF slag cement in Granular base INTRODUCTION steel slag was originally used in construction! Base course and sub-base course in road construction mixture of oxides, silicates and aluminates is crushed, and. Granulated Blast-furnace slag ( GGBFS ) in asphalt mixture which is used for a of! Layer may lead to the failure of a road and plant base material since the early 1900.. Course HMA part of your ASTM Compass® subscription waste manag e-ment drainage layer under the subbase of road... Slag use is subject to strict regulations and standards values are doubled and avoidance... The avoidance of the steel plants and externally steel slag can also be used in asphaltic mixes road-base... Used as a cost-effective and durable aggregate for road building RefWorks, EndNote, ProCite, Reference Manager,,. 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